ASD — Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by differences in social communication and interaction, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. The word "spectrum" reflects the wide variability in how autism presents — from people with fluent verbal communication and independent lives to people who need substantial support across every area of life.
In the DSM-5, ASD replaced earlier diagnoses such as Classic Autism, Asperger's Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified — all of which are now included under ASD. The support levels (1, 2, 3) describe how much support a person needs — not the "severity" of autism itself.
Current estimates (CDC, 2023) put prevalence at 1 in 36 children in the United States. Prevalence estimates elsewhere vary due to gaps in robust epidemiological data, but are generally similar.
💡 Practical example
ASD level 1 (formerly "Asperger's"): needs minimal support, usually has fluent verbal communication, and has subtler difficulties with social reciprocity. ASD level 3: needs very substantial support, may have very limited or absent verbal communication, and repetitive behaviors that significantly interfere with functioning.
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